gʷher-

    gʷher-

    English meaning: hot, warm

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “heiß, warm”

    Material: O.Ind. háras- n. “blaze, glow” (= Gk. θέρος, Arm. jer), ghr̥ṇá- m. “blaze, glow, heat” (= Lat. fornus, O.C.S. grъnъ), ghr̥ṇṓti “glũht, shines”, gharmá- m. “blaze, glow, heat”, Av. garǝma- “hot”, n. “heat, blaze, glow”, O.Pers. in garma-pada- Monatsname, perhaps “*Eintritt the heat” (= Lat. formus, dt. warm; O.Pruss. gorme); Arm. jer “Wärme, schönes weather; warm”, jernum “warm mich”, jerm “warm” (= Gk. θερμός; perhaps as *gʷher-mn-os derivative of men-stem:) jermn gen. jerman “fever” (also Gk. θέρμα f. “Wärme” originally ein neuter?); thrako-Phryg. germo- “warm” (in many PN: Jokl Eberts Reallex. 10, 142 f., 13, 285, 292, 294), kappadok. garmia(s) ‘stadtname auf the Peutingerschen Tafel” (a = IE o); Gk. θέρος n. ‘sommerhitze, harvest”, θέρομαι “become hot”, θερμός “warm”, θέρμασσα “oven”;

    Note: The shift eĝ(h)- > d- is of Illyr. Alb. origin, hence Greeks borrowed this cognate from Illyr. also Germ- in Illyr. PN, as also probably in originally N.Illyr. VN Germani (Pokorny ZceltPh. 21, 103 ff); Alb.Tosk zjarr “fire, heat” (rr from rm), gheg. zjarm (: θερμός), ngroh “warm” (*gʷhrē- as in aksl greť i “warm”, Ltv. grēmens “pyrosis, heartburn”); Alb. gatsë “burning coal” (*gʷhorti̯ ü?);

    Note: The phonetic shift gʷh > zj took place in Alb. alone as a typical Alb. phonetic mutatIon. Hence Slav languages borrowed Alb. (Illyrian) cognate in O.C.S. žeravъ “ blazing “, požarъ “blaze”. Maybe other Alb. cognates: zjej “boil, cook”, zi adj., m.”black, burnt”, (duplicated zezë adj., f. “black, burnt”. Also Alb.Tosk zjarr “fire, glow, heat, fervour “ : Rom. jar “fire, glow, heat, fervour “ which proves the migration from Albania to Rumania after the Turkish invasIon. Lat. formus “warm” (Festus), fornus, furnus (*gʷhorno-s), fornüx “oven (latter in a fem. ü- stem being based on), fornix, -icis “ dome “ (*fornicos “die Gestalt an Ofens habend”);

    Note: The shift eĝ(h)- > d- is of Illyr. Alb. origin, hence the common Lat. shift d- > f- testifies a loanword from Illyr. O.Ir. fo-geir “erwärmt, erhitzt” etc., Bret. gred m. “Wärme, heat; courage “ = M.Ir. grith ‘sun, heat” (*gʷhr̥tu-s), M.Ir. gorim, guirim “erhitze, erwärme, burn”, Ir. gor “heat; Brũten; ulcer”; Welsh gori “brood”, gor “brood, pus”, Bret. gor “(feu) ardent, furoncle”; O.Ir. gorn “fire” (= Lat. fornus); against it is Ir. gorm “blue” Lw. from Welsh gwrm “dark-(blue)” and dieses together with abr. uurm in Uurm-haelon MN “aux sourcils bruns” from O.E. wurma “Purpurfarbe” borrowed (Gwynn Hermathena 20, 63ff.); O.Ir. goirt “bitter” (“*burning of taste”), wherefore O.Ir. gorte (*gʷhorti̯ ü) “hunger”; O.N. gǫrr (*garwa-), gerr, gørr (*garwia-) “fertig, willing, ready, vollkommen”, O.H.G. garo “bereitgemacht, fertig”, O.E. gearu, Ger. gar, O.N. gørva, O.H.G. garawen, M.H.G. gerwen “fertigmachen, bereiten, rũsten, tan, convert hide into leather”, O.E. gierwan “prepare, concoct, cook”, O.N. gerð (*garwiÞō) “das Gären of Bieres” (formal indeed = O.H.G. garawida “Herrichtung”), M.H.G. gerwe “yeast, filth “, M.L.G. gere “Gärung, fetidness, Mistpfuhl, smut”, geren “ferment, seethe” are rather after Holthausen Wb. of old Westn. 102 from prefix ga- and *-arwa- > O.N. ǫrr “rash, hasty, skilful” (above S. 331) to define; O.E. gyrwe-fenn “morass”, gyre “ manure”, mnl. gore, göre ‘smoke, smell, odor”, M.L.G. göre “puddle, slop”, Nor. dial. gurm “yeast, ordure, Speisebrei”, O.N. gor n. “the halbverdaute Mageninhalt”, gjǫr (*gerva-) “ residuum “, O.E. M.L.G. O.H.G. gor “crap, muck, manure”; to meaning compare above Welsh gor “pus”; here probably O.N. gersta “ embitter “, M.H.G. garst, Ger. garstig ‘spoil”; about Goth. warmjan “warm” etc. see though under u̯er-”cook”; Lith. gãras “vapor; intense desire”, Ltv. gars “vapor, ghost, soul”, O.Pruss. goro f. ‘stove, hearth”, gorme “heat”, Ltv. gar̂me “Wärme”, O.Pruss. garewingi adv. “rutting, in heat”, Ltv. grēmens “pyrosis, heartburn”; O.C.S. goritъ, gorěti “burn, grějǫ, grěti “warm”, žeravъ “ blazing “, požarъ “blaze”, grъnъ “Kessel” (= Lat. fornus), grъnilо “oven”, Russ. gorn ‘stove, hearth”, Pol. garniec “pot, pan”; further O.C.S. gorьkъ (*gʷhori-ko-) “bitter” (“*burning of taste”; compare above Ir. goirt), but Sloven. górǝk also “warm”, Cz. horkū “warm”, against it O.Cz. hořkū “bitter”; isoliert Ser.-Cr. gr̂k, f. gŕka “bitter”, compare Berneker 232; O.C.S. gorьjь compounds “bad, schlimmer” (“*brennender, bitter”), gore “wehe!” gʷhrē̆ -ns-o- (due to an es-stem gʷhre-nes-): O.Ind. ghraṁsá-ḥ m. ‘sonnenglut, Sonnenschein, Helle” = Bret. groez, grouez (*gʷhrenso-) ‘sonnenhitze”, Welsh gwres “heat” (to w s. Pedersen KG. I 108, das e through influence of tes ds.); das ī from O.Ir. grīs “fire”, grīsaid “feuert an, reizt an” probably from *ghrēnso-, in spite of Thurneysen Gk. 130.

    References: WP. I 687 ff., WH. I 532 ff., Trautmann 79, 102.